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Different and Problematic Hadiths

Course Description: This course includes an introduction to the different types of hadith and ambiguous hadith, clarifying the difference between them, the stages of their emergence, their importance, and their development. It covers the methodologies of hadith commentators, prominent scholars in this field, and famous compiled books, comparing them. It also discusses the reasons for ambiguity between hadiths, the principles of reconciliation to resolve them, and an applied study of different cases of ambiguity and disagreement, extracting the principles and guidelines related to their resolution.

Credit hours: 4

Objectives of the course :

Empowering students to deal with varying and problematic hadiths, and explaining methods to resolve differences and ambiguities according to the rules of resolution set by critical hadith scholars.

Course outputs :

Knowledge and understanding:
1. To explain the reasons for the emergence of the science of hadith compilation and its challenges, and the literature on that subject.
2. To describe the methods and approaches of the Imams in reconciling hadith that appear to be contradictory and harmonizing them.
3. To identify critical skills for warding off problems that arise with some hadiths.
To write advanced scientific research and activities on the various aspects of Hadith, its complexities, the differences between them, the reasons for inconsistencies in Hadith, the rules of weighting to resolve them, and the remaining elements of the course.
Skills:
Applies skills and methods for understanding different hadith and resolving issues correctly.
2 - It compares the methodologies of the Imams; to avert confusion from the hadith... and reconciles those that appear contradictory.
3. To critique and address the problems/issues raised by hadiths.
4. He improves the summarization, depiction, reconciliation, or refutation of issues raised in hadith, with a smooth presentation in his research and studies.
5. Employs scientific research skills according to quality standards to prepare applied research in various fields, addressing and solving problems using advanced technical methods.
Values, autonomy and responsibility:
Adheres to professional and academic ethical practices in his/her communication with colleagues and professors.
2- Handles the electronic information network with the ethics of a responsible citizen.
3. Uses university and scientific institution digital library resources with integrity and academic honesty.

Additional information:

Course Topics:
First - Theoretical Study:
A - Introduction to the Explanation of Hadith: its importance, origins, development, methodologies of hadith scholars, prominent scholars who excelled in it, and the most famous books authored in it with their comparison, and the relationship between hadith discrepancies and problematic hadith. And terms related to problematic hadith. And conditions for engaging with it, and the methodologies of early scholars before the emergence of explanations, such as Imam Ahmad, and forms of hadith discrepancies and problematic hadith in the biographies of hadith narrators, and controls and conditions for proceeding with hadith discrepancies and problematic hadith.
B. Definition of Mukhtalif al-Hadith and its most famous compilations. .
C. Definition of the problem of Hadith, and the most famous classifications in it. .
D. The Differences Between Mukhtalif Al-Hadith and Mushkil Al-Hadith.
H. Causes and types of conflict.
And- Rules of preference for reconciling and resolving contradictions and ambiguities: reconciliation, abrogation, and preference, identifying the type of route within each path. And recognizing the evidence of preference.
Z – Methods of reconciliation, explanation of the most famous ones, and the approaches of scholars in their compilations for reconciling hadiths and resolving contradictions and ambiguities, including:
– Al-Shafi'i's methodology in his book ”Ikhtilaf al-Hadith.“
Ibn Qutaybah Al-Dīnawarī's Methodology in His Book ”Ta'wil Mukhtalif Al-Hadith.“
The methodology of Ahmad bin Muhammad bin Salama al-Tahawi in his book ”Sharh Mushkil al-Athar." .
Second: Applied Study
A. Mukhtalaf al-Hadith: For reconciling and uniting hadiths that appear to contradict the principles and foundations of religion. .
The application is based on various hadith models found in books classified under this discipline and in hadith explanation books such as: (Al-Tamheed, Al-Mu'allim bi Sharh Muslim, Al-Mufhim, Fath al-Bari), on diverse topics in: creeds, rulings, ethics, conduct, and others.
B. The Hadith problem:
He studies models of Hadith problems in books classified in this art, such as Sharh Mushkil al-Athar by al-Tahawi, and from the books of Hadith commentaries such as: Al-Tamhid, Al-Mu'lim bi Sharh Muslim, Al-Mufhim, Fath al-Bari.
And these models are on various topics, including: creeds, rulings, etiquette, behavior, and others.

Last updated: 2026-04-16